: A building product which supplements a basic solid panel building such
as a door, window, light transmitting panel, roof vent, etc.
A structure designed and constructed to house farm
implements, hay, grain, poultry, livestock or other agricultural products.
Such structure shall not include habitable or occupiable spaces, spaces
in which agricultural products are processed, treated or packaged; nor
shall an agricultural building be a place of occupancy by the general
public.
Steel coated with aluminum for corrosion resistance.
Bolts used to anchor members to a foundation or other
support.
A plan view drawing showing the diameter, location
and projection of all anchor bolts for the components of the metal building
system and may show column reactions (magnitude and direction). The maximum
base plate dimensions may also be shown.
Approval drawings may include framing drawings, elevations
and sections through the building as furnished by the manufacturer for
approval of the buyer. Approval by the buyer affirms that the manufacturer
has correctly interpreted the overall contract requirements for the metal
building system and it’s accessories, and the exact location of
accessories in the building.
The American Iron and Steel Institute
The American Institute of Steel Construction
American Iron and Steel Engineers
A drawing which shows the plan view and/or elevations
of the finished building for the purpose of showing the general appearance
of the building, indicating all accessory locations.
American Society of Civil Engineers
Allowable Stress Design
A group of mutually dependent and compatible components or subassemblies
of components.
A closure between the two leaves of a double swing or double slide door.
A crane which when activated operates through a preset
series of cycles.
A welding operation utilizing a machine to make a continuous,
unbroken weld.
A girder arranged parallel to the main girder for
supporting the platform motor base, operator’s cab, control panels,
etc., to reduce the torsional forces that such load would otherwise impose
on the main crane girder.
All specified dynamic live loads other than the basic
design loads which the building must safely withstand, such as cranes,
material handling systems, machinery, elevators, vehicles, and impact
loads.
A window in which the vent or vents pivot outward about
the top edge giving the awning effects.
American Welding Society
A force tending to elongate or shorten a member
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A name commonly used for “Open Web Steel Joists”
An angle secured to a wall or foundation used to attach
the bottom of the wall paneling.
A plate attached to the base of a column which rests on
the foundation or other support, usually secured by anchor bolts
See “Cast in place Base”
The space between frame center lines or primary supporting members in
the longitudinal direction of the building.
Basic Building Code
A primary structural system consisting of a series
of rafter beams supported by columns, often used as the end frame of a
metal building system.
see :Beam and Column”
A steel plate that is set on the top of a masonry support
on which a beam or purlin can rest.
Primary member of a structural system
A list of items or components used for fabrication
Wire mesh used to prevent birds from entering the building
through ventilators and louvers
A small headed pin with expandable shank for joining light
gauge metal. Typically used to attach flashing, gutter, etc…
Block or Board Thermal Insulation: Rigid or semi rigid thermal insulation
performed into rectangular units.
Building Officials and Code Administrators International Inc.
A roof which carries a written warranty with respect to
weathertightness for a stipulated number of years.
Girders, trucks or other members of rectangular cross-section
enclosed on four sides.
Rods or cables used in roof and walls to transfer loads
such as wind loads, and seismic and crane thrusts to the foundation. (also
often used to plumb buildings but not designed to replace erection tables)
Rods angles or cables used in the plane of the roof and walls to transfer
loads, such as wind, seismic and crane thrusts to the foundation.
A structural support projecting from a wall or column on which to fasten
another structural member. Examples are canopy brackets, lean to brackets,
and runway brackets.
A load lifting system consisting of a hoist which moves
laterally on a bean girder, or bridge which in turn moves longitudinally
on a runway made of beams and rails. Loads can be moved to any point within
a rectangle formed by the bridge span and runway length.
Bracing or systems of bracing used between structural members.
The amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of one pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
A party who, as routine part of his business, buys Metal Buildings Systems
from a manufacturer for the purpose of resale.
A structure forming an open, partially enclosed, or enclosed space structured
by a planned process of combining materials, components, and subsystems
to meet specific conditions of use.
A space defined by the length of the building and the
space between building columns.
Regulations established by a recognized agency describing
design loads, procedures and construction details for structures usually
applying to a designated political jurisdiction (city, county, state,
etc.)
A roof covering made up of alternating layers of tar
and asphalt materials
A structural member, usually an “I” shape
section, made from individual flat plates welded together
An energy-absorbing device for reducing impact when a moving crane or
trolley reaches the end of it’s permitted travel, or when two moving
cranes or trolleys come into contact.
The end plate of a structural member usually used to rest
against a like plate of another member in forming a connection. Sometimes
called a splice plate or bolted end plate.
A wall framing system where the girts are mounted on the
outside of the columns.
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“ A member in the shape of a block “C” formed
from steel sheet, that may be used either singularly or back to back.
A crane controlled by an operator in a cab supported on
the bridge or trolley.
curvature of flexural member in the plane of its web before loading.
A projecting roof system that is supported and restrained at one end only.
A beam supported only at one end having a free end and
fixed end.
That action which causes movement of liquids when in
contact with two adjacent surfaces such as panel sidelaps.
A plate located at the top of a column or end of a beam
for capping the exposed end of the member.
The maximum load (usually stated in tons), which a crane is designed to
support.
A continuous member imbedded in the edge of the
foundation to which the wall panels are attached.
To seal and make weather-tight the joints, seams, or voids by filling
with a waterproofing compound or material.
When the paint finish on panels has a white powder film due to over exposure.
A “C” shaped member formed while in a
semi-molten state at the steel mill to shape having standard dimensions
and properties.
The exterior metal roof and wall paneling of a Metal Building System.
See also “Covering”
A plate or angle used to fasten two or more members together.
A strip, formed to the contour of ribbed panels and used
to close openings created by ribbed panels joining other components, either
made of resilient material or metal.
Concrete Masonry Unit. Generally, used to construct masonry walls.
The process of using press brakes or rolling mills to
shape steel into desired cross sections at room temperature.
The weight of additional permanent materials required
by the contract, other than the Building System, such as sprinklers, mechanical
and electrical systems, partitions and ceilings.
A primary member used in a vertical position on a building to transfer
loads from main roof, beams, trusses, or rafters to the foundation.
A part used in a Metal Building System. See also “Components and
Cladding”.
Members that include girts, purlins, studs, wall
and roof panels, fasteners, end wall columns and end wall rafters or bearing
en d frames, roof overhang beams, canopy beams, and masonry walls when
acting as other than shear walls,
A hold down clip used with a wall or roof panel system
to connect the panel to the supporting structure without exposing the
fasteners to the exterior surface.
The means of attachment of one structural member to another.
The terminology given to a structural system denoting the transfer of
loads and stresses from member to member as if there were no connections.
A beam having three or more supports.
The exterior metal roof and wall paneling of a Metal Building System.
A machine designed to move material by means of a hoist.
The portion of a building aisle in which a crane operates,
defined by the crane span and the uninterrupted length of crane runaway.
A track supporting and guiding the wheels of a bridge crane
or trolley system. On under hung cranes, the crane rail also acts as the
runway beam.
The member that supports a crane rail and is supported
by columns or rafters depending on the type of crane system. On under
hung bridge cranes, the runway beam also acts as the crane rail.
The horizontal distance center to center of runway beams.
A device to limit travel of a trolley or crane bridge.
This device normally is attached to a fixed structure and normally does
not have energy-absorbing ability.
A separate column, which supports the runway
beam of a top running crane.
A raised edge on a concrete floor slab or roof accessory.
Perimeter wall panels which carry only their own weight
and wind load.
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A baffle used to open or close the throat of ventilators. They can be
operated manually or by motors.
The dead load of a building is the weight of all permanent
construction, such as floor, roof, framing, and covering members.
The displacement of a structural member or system under load.
Those loads specified in building codes published by Federal,
State, County or City agencies, or in owners’ specifications to
be used in the design of a building.
Any Architect or Engineer
See “ Bracing”
The resistance to racking generally offered by the covering
systems, fasteners, and secondary framing.
An angle or channel used to stabilize or keep plumb a
sliding or rolling door during its operation.
A conduit used to carry water from the gutter of a building.
Horizontal displacement at the top of a vertical element due
to lateral loads. Drift should not be confused with “Deflection”.
The snow accumulation at a height discontinuity.
A tapered pin used during erection to align holes in steel
members to be connected by bolting.
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The line along the sidewall formed by the intersection of the planes of
the roof and wall.
A projecting roof system on the sidewall that is supported
and restrained at one end only.
See “Gutter”
The vertical dimension from finished floor to the top
of the eave strut.
A structural member at the eave to support roof panels
and wall panels. It may also transmit wind forced from roof bracing to
wall bracing.
The surface area of a building at the edges of a roof
and at the wall intersections where the wind loads on components and cladding
are greater than at other areas of the building.
The area used to determine the wind coefficient. The
effective wind area may be greater than or equal to the tributary area.
A design concept utilizing the proportional behavior
of materials when all stresses are limited to specified allowable values
in the elastic range.
A crane in which the bridge, hoist or trolley
is operated by electric power.
An electrically operated machine for
lifting, lowering and transporting loads, consisting of a movable bridge
carrying a fixed or movable hoisting mechanism and traveling on an overhead
runway structure.
The minimum horizontal distance, parallel to the runway,
between the outermost extremities of the crane and the centerline of the
hook.
The bays adjacent to the endwalls of a building. Usually
the distance from the endwall to the first interior main frame measured
normal to the endwall.
A frame located at the endwall of a building which supports
the loads from a portion of the end bay.
See “Endwall Column”
A device attached to a crane runway or rail to provide
a safety stop at the end of a runway.
The unit consisting of truck frame, wheels, bearings,
axles, etc., which supports the bridge girders.
An exterior wall which is parallel to the interior main frame of the building.
A vertical member located at the endwall of a building
which supports the girts. In post and beam endwall frames, endwall columns
also support rafter.
See “Purlin Extension”
The surface area of a building along the roof at the endwall
and at the corners of walls.
The Engineer or Architect that is responsible for
the overall design of the building project. The manufacturer’s engineer
is not the Engineer of Record.
The on-site assembling of fabricated Metal Building System components
to form a completed structure.
Materials used by erectors to stabilize the building
system during erection, also typically referred to as temporary bracing.
Roof and Wall erection (framing) drawings that identify
individual components and accessories furnished by the manufacturer in
sufficient detail to permit proper erection of the Metal Building System.
A party who assembles or erects a Metal Building System.
A break or space in construction to allow for thermal
expansion and contraction of the materials used in the structure.
A wall framing system where the girts are mounted on
the outside of the columns
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The manufacturing process performed in a plant to convert raw material
into finished Metal Building System components. The main operations are
cold forming, cutting, punching, welding, cleaning and painting.
An architectural treatment, partially covering wall, usually concealing
the eave and/or the rake of the building.
Refers to the paint finish on panels becoming less vibrant of color.
A decorative trim or panel projecting from the face of the wall.
Windows or other panels of glass; their numbers and location.
The “job site”, “building site” or general marketing
area.
See “Closure Strip”
Coil metal that has a corrosion resistant film
laminated to it prior to the forming operation.
A standing seam roof system hold down clip which does not
allow the roof panel to move independently of the roof substructure.
A column base that is designed to resist rotation as well
as horizontal or vertical movement.
The projecting edge of a structural member.
A member used to provide lateral support to the flange
of a structural member.
The metal used to “trim” or cover the juncture of two planes
of material.
A standing seam roof system hold down clip which allows
the roof panel to move independently of the roof substructure. Also known
as “Sliding Clip” or “Slip Clip”
Those loads induced on the floor system by the use
and occupancy of the building.
A wall framing system where the outside flange of the
girts and the columns are flush.
A pad or mat, usually of concrete, located under a column, wall or other
structural member, that is used to distribute the loads from the member
into the supporting soil.
The action of one body to another body which changes or tends to change
its state of rest or motion. A force may be expressed in pounds (Newtons),
kips, or other similar units and may act in any one of the following ways:
A. Compression Force: A force acting on a body tending to
compress the body, (pushing action)
B. Shear Force: A force
acting on a body which tends to slide one portion of the body against
the
other portion of
the body. (sliding action)
C. Tension Force: A force acting on a body tending to elongate the body. (sliding action)
D. Torsion Force: A force acting on a body which tends to twist the body.
The substructure which supports a building or other structure.
Frame work (headers and jambs) and flashing which surround
an opening in the wall or roof of a building; usually for field installed
accessories such as overhead doors or powered roof exhausters.
The primary and secondary structural members (columns, rafters, girts,
purlins, brace rods, etc.) which go together to make up the skeleton of
a structure to which the covering can be applied.
Plans and erection instructions which identify all
individual parts in sufficient detail to permit the proper erection and
installation of all parts of the metal building system furnished by the
seller (also known as erection drawings)
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The triangular portion of the endwall from the level of the eave to the
ridge of the roof.
See “Purlin Extension”
A roof consisting of two sloping roof planes, that form
a ridge and form a gable at each end.
Steel coated with zinc for corrosion resistance.
A crane similar to an overhead crane except that the bridge
for carrying the trolley or trolleys is rigidly supported on one or more
legs running on fixed rails or other runway.
A main horizontal or near horizontal structural member that supports vertical
loads. It may consist of several pieces.
The process of installing glass in windows and doors.
Glass panes or paneling used in windows and doors.
The term used when referring to the ground elevation around a building.
A concrete beam around the perimeter of a building.
The probable weight of snow on the ground for a specified
recurrence interval exclusive of drifts or sliding snow.
A mixture of cement, sand and water used to fill cracks and cavities.
Sometimes used under base plates or leveling plates to obtain uniform
bearing surfaces.
A steel plate used to reinforce or connect structural
elements.
A light gauge metal member at an eave, valley or parapet designed to carry
water from the roof to downspouts or drains.
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A steel member with a cross section in the shape of
an “H”
“V” shaped reinforcing steel used to transfer
anchor bolt shear to the concrete floor mass.
A crane in which the bridge, hoist, or trolley
is operated
The deepened portion of a column or rafter designed to accommodate
the higher bending moments at such points. (Usually occurs at the intersection
of the column and the rafter)
The horizontal framing member located at the top of a framed opening.
Any bolt made from steel having a tensile strength
in excess of 100,000 pounds per square inch.
Structural steel having a yield stress in excess
of 36,000 pounds per square inch.
see “Pinned Base”
The line formed at the intersection of two adjacent
sloping planes of a roof.
A roof which rises by inclined planes from all four sides
of a building. The line where two adjacent sloping sides of a roof meet
is called the hip.
The metal flashing used over exterior slide door track
along the full length of the door header to protect the tracks from weather
and to conceal them for aesthetic purposes.
A mechanical lifting device usually attached to a trolley, which travels
along a bridge, monorail or rib crane. May be chain or electric operated.
Wheels mounted near the ends of end trucks which
roll on the side of the rail to restrict lateral movement of the crane.
Steel sections (angles, channels, “S” shapes,
“W” shapes etc.) which are formed by rolling mills while the
steel is in a semi-molten state.
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See “S” shape.
A buildup or ice which forms a dam on the roof covering
along the eave of the building.
International Conference of Building Officials.
A dynamic load resulting from the motion of machinery,
elevators, crane ways, vehicles, and other similar moving forces. See
auxiliary forces.
A power tool used to tighten nuts or bolts.
A factor that accounts for the degree of hazard to human
life and damage to property.
Any material used in building construction to reduce heat transfer.
Pressure inside a building which is a function of wind
velocity, and number and location of openings.
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A beam used to support another beam, rafter or truss and
eliminate a column support.
A truss used to support another beam, rafter or truss
and eliminate a column support.
The vertical framing members located at the sides of an opening.
A cantilevered or suspended beam with hoist and trolley.
This lifting device may pick up loads in all or part of a circle around
a column to which it is attached.
A device used to hold pieces of material in a certain position during
fabrication.
Light beam for supporting a floor or roof.
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An extension attached to the bottom of a
downspout to direct water away from the wall.
A unit of measure equal to 1,000 pounds (4.4 KN)
The connecting area of a column and a rafter of a structural frame such
as a rigid frame.
A diagonal member at a column and rafter intersection
designed to resist horizontal loads.
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a structure such as a shed, having only one slope or pitch and depending
upon another structure for partial support.
The dimension of the building measured perpendicular to the main framing
from outside to outside of endwall girts.
A steel plate used on top of a foundation or other support
on which a structural column can rest.
Maximum safe vertical distance through which the hook,
magnet, or bucket can move.
Buckets, magnets, grabs and other supplemental
devices, the weight of which is to be considered part of the rated load,
used for ease in handling certain types of loads.
Panels used to admit light. Refers to either
transmitting panel or wall light.
A metal panel attached to the inside flange of the girts
or inside of a wall panel.
Loads that are produced (1) during maintenance by workers,
equipment, and materials, and (2) during the life of the structure by
movable objects and do not include wind, snow, seismic, or dead loads.
Also see “Roof or Floor Live Load”.
Anything that causes a force to be exerted on a structural member. Examples
of different types are
Dead Load, Impact Load, Roof Live Load, Seismic Load, Wind Load, Crane
Load, Collateral Load, Auxiliary Load
A washer with dimples which flatten when
the high strength bolt is tightened. The bolt tension can be then determined
by the use of feeler gages to determine the gap between the washer and
the bolt head.
The direction parallel to the ridge of the sidewall.
Direction parallel to the crane runway beams.
An opening provided with fixed or movable, slanted fins to allow flow
of air.
A description of a class of buildings usually
less than 60’ eave height. Commonly, they are single story, but
do not exceed 4 stories.
Load and Resistance Factor Design
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An assemblage of rafters and columns that support the
secondary framing members and transfer loads directly to the foundation.
A structural assembly, which provides
for the overall stability of the building and receives wind loads from
more than one surface. Examples include shear walls, diaphragms, rigid
frames, and space structures.
A party who designs and fabricates a Metal Building System.
An engineer employed by a manufacturer who is in responsible
charge of the structural design of a Metal Building System fabricated
by the manufacturer. The manufacturer’s engineer is not the engineer
of record.
Anything constructed of materials such as bricks, concrete blocks, ceramic
blocks, and concrete.
Caulking or sealant normally used in sealing roof panel laps.
Metal Building Manufacturers Association
Average height of roof above ground.
A complete integrated set of mutually dependent
components and assemblies that form a building including primary and secondary
framing, covering and accessories, and are manufactured to permit inspection
on site prior to assembly or erection.
A grade of fiberglass insulation
blanket specifically manufactured for lamination to a vapor retarder.
The tendency of a force to cause rotation about a point or axis.
A connection designed to transfer moment as well
as axial and shear forces between connection members.
A physical property of a member, which helps define
strength and defection characteristics.
A method of placing concrete grade beam and floor
slab together to form the building foundation without forming and placing
each separately.
The placing of concrete in a monolithic construction.
A crane that travels on a single runway beam, usually
a “S” or “W” beam.
Buildings consisting of more than one gable across
the width of the building.
Buildings consisting of more than one span across the
width of the building. Multiple gable buildings and single gable buildings
with interior columns are examples.
A crane, which has two or more girders for supporting
the lifted load.
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A waviness that occur in flat areas of light gauge,
formed metal products. Structural integrity is not normally affected by
this inherent characteristic; therefore oil canning is only an aesthetic
issue. Oil canning is not a cause for rejection of the material.
Light weight truss.
The documents normally required by the Manufacturer
in the ordinary course of entering and processing an order.
See “Auxiliary Crane Girder”
A simply supported beam that extends beyond its support.
See “Sectional Overhead Doors”
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See “Cladding”
A notch or block out formed along the outside edge of
the floor slab to provide support for the wall panels and serve as a closure
along their bottom edge.
A standing seam panel which has vertical sides and has
no space between the panels at the side laps.
That portion of the vertical wall of a building which extends above the
roof line.
See “Components and Cladding”
The uppermost point of a gable.
A sign attached to the peak of the building at the endwall
showing the building manufacturer.
Crane operated from a pendant control unit suspended
from the crane.
A door used by personnel for access to and exit from a
building.
The belted part of panel bundles where the bundle is to
be lifted.
A number given to each separate part of the building for
erection identification. Also called mark number and part number.
A concrete structure designed to transfer vertical load from the base
of a column to the footing.
A sheet metal section designed to direct the flow of water
out through the face of the gutter rather than through a downspout.
A reinforced or enlarged portion of a masonry wall to provide support
for roof loads or lateral loads on the wall.
A column base that is designed to resist horizontal and
vertical movement, but not rotation.
A connection designed to transfer axial and shear
forces between connecting members, but not moments.
The peak height of a gabled building divided by its overall span.
Design: a design concept based on multiplying the actual loads
by a suitable load factor, using the yield stress as the maximum stress
in any member, and taking into consideration moment redistribution.
See “Translucent Light Panels”
1) The gathering of water at low or irregular areas on a roof.
2) Progressive accumulation of water from deflection due to rain loads.
A rigid frame so designed that it offers rigidity and
stability in its plane. It is generally used to resist longitudinal loads
where other bracing methods are not permitted.
A structural system consisting of a series of rafter
beams supported by columns. Often used as the end frame of a building.
A method of pre stressing reinforced concrete in
which tendons are tensioned after the concrete has reached a specific
strength.
A device for fastening items by the utilization
of a patented device, which uses an explosive charge or compressed air
to embed the pin in concrete or steel.
A method of pre stressing reinforced concrete in
which tendons are tensioned after the concrete has reached a specific
strength.
Coil of metal, which has received a paint coating.
A machine used in cold-forming metal sheets or strips into desired sections.
Concrete in which internal stresses of such
magnitude and distribution are introduced that the tensile stresses resulting
from the service loads are counteracted to a desire degree; in reinforced
concrete the pre stress is commonly introduced by tensioning the tendons.
See “Main Frame”
A beam with a uniform cross section.
A building or space where 300 or more persons may congregate
in one area.
A horizontal structural member which supports roof covering and carries
loads to the primary framing members.
The projection of the roof beyond the plane of the
endwall.
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The main beam supporting the roof system.
See “Crane Rail”
The horizontal stiffening members of framed
and paneled doors.
The intersection of the plane of the roof and the plane of the endwall.
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